Network housekeeping with stretched low voltage limits

This paper looks into solutions a grid operator has to cope with, taking into account high penetration of high penetration of renewable sources and new loads in the LV grid. Next to that it answers the following main research questions: - what will happen when the low voltage limits will be stretched from ±10% (current value) to e.g. ±15% (with or without time limitation)? - what must a DSO do to realise such a change (technical, legal, ….)? To answer these questions a literature study, simulation, tests and extensive surveys amongst key stakeholders were performed. Finally, recommendations and alternatives are proposed towards the community of DSOs following EN50160

Analytical methods used to quantify isoflavones in cow's milk: a review

peer reviewedThis paper provides an update and comprehensive review of the analytical methods used for quantifying isoflavones and their metabolites in cow’s milk. Isoflavones are secondary plant metabolites that are similar to 17 β-estradiol in chemical structure. They form one of the most common categories of phytoestrogens. Numerous health benefits have been attributed to isoflavones, but many of these compounds are also considered to be endocrine disruptors, with adverse effects on health. These contradictory trends offer an attractive prospect for future research, and therefore, sensitive and reliable analytical methods are required to clarify various issues about isoflavones. For this review, a structured methodology was used to select 26 relevant articles published between 2005 and 2015 from the Scopus and CAB Abstract databases. The review discusses individual steps of the analytical procedures described in these articles, including sample preparation, instrumental analysis and validation. The most commonly used analytical procedure is sample preparation involving liquid-liquid extraction and an enzymatic hydrolysis step followed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Currently, however, there is no standardized procedure for the sample preparation and analysis of isoflavones in milk.PhytoHealt

Validation d'une méthode d'analyse quantitative de l'équol par UPLC®-MS/MS dans le lait de vache - Application aux laits commercialisés en Wallonie (Belgique)

Dans le cadre d’un projet intitulé «PhytoHealth », une méthode d’analyse quantitative de l’équol dans le lait a été développée et validée selon les recommandations de l’EMA/CVMP/VICH/463202/2009. Celle-ci est constituée d’une étape d’hydrolyse enzymatique, suivie d’une double extraction liquide/liquide et d’une analyse par chromatographie liquide ultra performante couplé à un spectromètre de masse en tandem (UPLC®-MS/MS). Une fois les différents paramètres tels que la fiabilité, sensibilité et/ou robustesse de la méthode confirmées, celle-ci a permis, pour la première fois, d’estimer la teneur en équol d’ échantillons de laits commercialisés en Wallonie. Une Cinquantaine de laits ont été prélevés aléatoirement dans les commerces durant une période définie. Tous les échantillons possédaient une teneur en équol ≥ 10ng.mL-1. En comparant les valeurs moyennes, on a constaté qu’il n’y avait pas de différence entre les 4 catégories de laits analysés (entier, demi-écrémé, écrémé et cru). Par contre, une différence hautement significative a pu être observée entre les laits provenant de la filière biologique et ceux de la filière conventionnelle. Dans le premier cas, les teneurs varient entre 10 et 50 ng.mL-1 par contre, dans le second, elles varient entre 70 et 130 ng.mL-1. Cet impact de la filière biologique sur la teneur en équol dans les laits a pu être confronté à d’autres études européennes et confirmé.PhytoHealt

Determination of equol content in milks marketed in Wallonia (Belgium)

PhytoHealt

Stationary state of a heated granular gas: fate of the usual H-functional

We consider the characterization of the nonequilibrium stationary state of a randomly-driven granular gas in terms of an entropy-production based variational formulation. Enforcing spatial homogeneity, we first consider the temporal stability of the stationary state reached after a transient. In connection, two heuristic albeit physically motivated candidates for the non-equilibrium entropy production are put forward. It turns out that none of them displays an extremum for the stationary velocity distribution selected by the dynamics. Finally, the relevance of the relative Kullbach entropy is discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Physica

De la prairie à votre verre de lait, sur les traces des isoflavones...

présentation du sujet de thèse en 3 minutes (Exercice de vulgarisation).PhytoHealt

Détermination de la teneur en équol dans les laits commercialisés en Wallonie (Belgique)

PhytoHealt

Development and validation of analytical methods for quantifying isoflavones and equol in biological matrices

PhytoHealt

UPLC®-MSMS, an added-value for the development and the validation of analytical methods : follow-up of phytoestrogens from clover to milk.

PhytoHealt